Git另类技巧:快速准确多文件查找 git-grep
目录
介绍
使用场景很简单, 就是从多个文件中查找给定的字符串, 字符串可以以正则式表示. 主要用于在源代码中查找相关信息, 当然也可以应用于其他类型的多文件查找. 话说作者一直在寻找简单而又强大的多文件查找方法, 试过多种方法, 最近发现 git grep 可能是最符合作者要求的.
使用环境也很简单:
- 安装好
git - 把要查找的文件目录用
git init命令设置为git代码仓库
简单 git grep 命令
最简单的查找:显示行数
最简单的参数就是 -n, 它显示要查找字符串所在文件的行数, 具体命令如下:
git grep -n "要查找的字符串"
假设我们要在一个 git 仓库中查找函数 format 的定义在哪个文件里, 那么我们需要搜索的字符串就是 (defun format, 查找命令为:
git grep -n "(defun format "
显示结果如下:
Air:CLISP-2.49 admin$ git grep -n "(defun format "src/format.lisp:344:(defun format (destination control-string &rest arguments)Air:CLISP-2.49 admin$
表示在当前目录下的 src/format.lisp 文件的第 344 行查到了要查的信息
- 补充:如果该文件夹还没用被设置为
git仓库, 可以顺序执行如下命令:
Air:CLISP-2.49 admin$ git grep -n "(defun format "fatal: Not a git repository (or any of the parent directories): .gitAir:CLISP-2.49 admin$ git initInitialized empty Git repository in /Users/admin/LispBox-0.93/CLISP-2.49/.git/Air:CLISP-2.49 admin$ git add .
只显示概况
使用 --count 参数, 只会显示在哪个文件里有几个要查找的字符串, 如下:
Air:CLISP-2.49 admin$ git grep --count "(defun format "src/format.lisp:1Air:CLISP-2.49 admin$
美化显示结果
--break--heading
命令如下:
git grep --break --heading -n "(defun format "
显示结果如下:
Air:CLISP-2.49 admin$ git grep --break --heading -n "format "build-dir/configure7559: lt_cv_deplibs_check_method='file_magic file format (pei*-i386(.*architecture: i386)?|pe-arm-wince|pe-x86-64)'7566: lt_cv_deplibs_check_method='file_magic file format pe-arm-.*little(.*architecture: arm)?'build-dir/libtool3292: $EGREP 'file format (pei*-i386(.*architecture: i386)?|pe-arm-wince|pe-x86-64)' >/dev/null; then3741:# Convert paths to host format when used with build tools.3810:# Convert pathlists to host format when used with build tools.3819:# Path separators are also converted from $build format to7522: $ECHO "*** with $libname and none of the candidates passed a file format test"7576: $ECHO "*** with $libname and none of the candidates passed a file format test"8953: # object format with DLL files. See the long comment at the top ofbuild-dir/makemake3002: echotab "\$(RUN) -q -M lispinit.mem -x '(progn (dolist (s (quote (*terminal-io* *standard-output* *error-output* *query-io* *debug-io* *tr3005: echotab "\$(RUN) -q -M lispinit.mem -x '(progn (format ${stream1} \"~&Line1 to ${stream1}\") (format ${stream2} \"~&Line2 to ${stream23009: echotab "\$(RUN) -q -M lispinit.mem -x '(progn (dolist (s (quote (*terminal-io* *standard-output* *error-output* *query-io* *debug-io* *tr3012: echotab "\$(RUN) -q -M lispinit.mem -x '(progn (format ${stream1} \"~&Line1 to ${stream1}\") (format ${stream2} \"~&Line2 to ${stream23994:# without changing the bytecode format and the tables in 不带这两个参数的显示结果如下:
Air:CLISP-2.49 admin$ git grep -n "format "build-dir/configure:7559: lt_cv_deplibs_check_method='file_magic file format (pei*-i386(.*architecture: i386)?|pe-arm-wince|pe-x86-64)'build-dir/configure:7566: lt_cv_deplibs_check_method='file_magic file format pe-arm-.*little(.*architecture: arm)?'build-dir/libtool:3292: $EGREP 'file format (pei*-i386(.*architecture: i386)?|pe-arm-wince|pe-x86-64)' >/dev/null; thenbuild-dir/libtool:3741:# Convert paths to host format when used with build tools.build-dir/libtool:3810:# Convert pathlists to host format when used with build tools.build-dir/libtool:3819:# Path separators are also converted from $build format tobuild-dir/libtool:7522: $ECHO "*** with $libname and none of the candidates passed a file format test"build-dir/libtool:7576: $ECHO "*** with $libname and none of the candidates passed a file format test"build-dir/libtool:8953: # object format with DLL files. See the long comment at the top ofbuild-dir/makemake:3002: echotab "\$(RUN) -q -M lispinit.mem -x '(progn (dolist (s (quote (*terminal-io* *standard-output* *error-output* *querybuild-dir/makemake:3005: echotab "\$(RUN) -q -M lispinit.mem -x '(progn (format ${stream1} \"~&Line1 to ${stream1}\") (format ${stream2} \"~build-dir/makemake:3009: echotab "\$(RUN) -q -M lispinit.mem -x '(progn (dolist (s (quote (*terminal-io* *standard-output* *error-output* *query 使用举例
查找函数上下文
-W查找函数上下文
还以上面的查找 format 函数定义的情况为例, 如果想查找 format 函数的上下文, 可以理解为就是查找函数 format 完全的定义代码--虽然实际上会把文件内容全部显示.
命令如下:
git grep -nW "(defun format "
显示如下:
Air:CLISP-2.49 admin$ git grep -nW "(defun format "src/format.lisp-1-;; FORMAT - and company.src/format.lisp-2-;; Bruno Haible 22.06.1988src/format.lisp-3-;; CLISP-Version 16.08.1988, 03.09.1988, 04.08.1989src/format.lisp-4-;; Major revision by Bruno Haible 14.02.1990-15.02.1990src/format.lisp-5-;; Further revised and wrote FORMATTER 9.4.1995-11.4.1995src/format.lisp-6-;; German comments translated into English: Stefan Kain 2001-09-09src/format.lisp-7-;; formatter pprint-logical-block ~:> support: John Boyland 2003src/format.lisp-8-;; Sam Steingold 1999-2009src/format.lisp-9-src/format.lisp-10-;; FORMAT is a mechanism for producing string output conveniently by,src/format.lisp-11-;; basically, taking a pre-determined string with placeholders andsrc/format.lisp-12-;; substituting computed values or strings for those placeholders --src/format.lisp-13-;; though it became much more complex than this because the placeholderssrc/format.lisp-14-;; included iteration primitives for producing lists of results,src/format.lisp-15-;; plurals, and other such exotica. It may be loosely characterized assrc/format.lisp-16-;; FORTRAN FORMAT statements gone berserk.src/format.lisp-17-;; -- Guy L. Steele Jr. and Richard P. Gabriel in "The Evolution of Lisp"src/format.lisp-18-src/format.lisp-19-(in-package "SYSTEM")src/format.lisp-20-src/format.lisp-21-;;; ---------------------------------------------------------------------------src/format.lisp-22-......
更全的参数
可以使用 git help grep 来查看帮助